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The Texas Lawbook

Free Speech, Due Process and Trial by Jury

  • Appellate
  • Bankruptcy
  • Commercial Litigation
  • Corp. Deal Tracker/M&A
  • GCs/Corp. Legal Depts.
  • Firm Management
  • White-Collar/Regulatory
  • Pro Bono/Public Service/D&I

CDT Roundup: 14 Deals, 9 Firms, 179 Lawyers, $7.2B

February 10, 2025 Allen Pusey & Nick Peck

On Jan. 31, the same day that FTC chairman Lena Khan figuratively left the building to her Republican replacement, a federal judge in Houston slammed the door on the commission’s long-lingering efforts to quash the sale of Houston-based Mattress Firm to Tempur Sealy.

In a 115-page opinion, Judge Charles Eskridge denied an FTC request for a preliminary injunction to stop the sale on grounds that it posed a threat to consumers in the form of higher prices for mattresses and a threat to competitors by creating a formidable combination of the world’s largest mattress manufacturer and the nation’s largest mattress retailer.

In doing so, Judge Eskridge challenged both the specifics of the FTC’s various market analyses as well as the premise upon which the agency had halted consummation of the deal since its announcement in May 2023.

The FTC, in a 45-page petition that included 182 separate redactions, included intriguing but unexplained statements like this: “Multiple high-ranking executives within Tempur Sealy have expressed a desire to eliminate and block rival suppliers and brands from Mattress Firm-post acquisition.” They were unexplained because the supporting references were redacted.

But for Judge Eskridge, the essence of the FTC complaint — despite the hyperbolic language of a highly competitive industry — was problematic both in theory and in fact. First, the merger was a vertical combination, one that even in theory is more likely to be procompetitive than anticompetitive, a premise Judge Eskridge says was never really addressed by the FTC in the evidentiary stages of the case.

Specifically (and perhaps oddly), the FTC model of potential price increases failed to account for EDM (Elimination of Double Marginalization), a competitive advantage built into almost any combination of manufacturer and retailer. Put simply: A manufacturer sells at a margin to the retailer who, in turn, sells at a margin to the customer. A combination of manufacturer and retailer, both in theory and practice, eliminates (or reduces) that double marginalization with the potential of making goods cheaper.

The FTC price modeling presented to Judge Eskridge predicted that consumers would suffer a pricing penalty of as much as $896 million if the merger went through, about $181 per mattress. But the FTC’s expert was unable to account for how such up-pricing would take place in the face of a more logical temptation to use EDM to underprice competition.

“To testify, as he did, that all he can do is ‘put the numbers in the model and then just see what comes out’ doesn’t exactly inspire confidence that he accounted for the market and commercial realities of the situation,” Judge Eskridge observed.

He also noted that the FTC modeling was nearly totally dependent on the upscale end of the mattress retail market, defined by the FTC (but not necessarily the industry) as mattresses priced at $2,000 or more. And in a detailed analysis of their evidence — an analysis that consumes most of his opinion — Judge Eskridge all but eviscerates the FTC contention that competition in that space would be substantially foreclosed by the sale. In fact, he noted, that Mattress Firm — a company that had emerged from bankruptcy in 2019 after excluding Tempur Sealy mattresses from its stores — had argued that its own competitive health in the retail market would be bolstered by the sale.

It was for that concentration on upscale consumers that Judge Eskridge — a former clerk for Justice Byron White and an appointee during the first Trump administration — reserved some of his most explicit criticism.

About 81.5 percent of Mattress Firm sales are below the FTC “premium” price-point model of $2,000. Their exclusion from the FTC market analysis, writes Eskridge, “entirely disregards the purchasing needs and practices of this surpassingly vast majority of Mattress Firm customers.”

“Are they less affluent or more sensitive to price concerns than those buying mattresses priced at or above $2,000? If so, are their interests more worthy of consideration and protection? And at base, shouldn’t the interests of that broad segment of the public at least be addressed as part of the balance as part of the public equities?”

On Feb. 5, Tempur Sealy and Mattress Firm announced that they had, after 639 days, finally closed their deal. As of Feb. 18, the combined company will be known as Somnigroup International Inc. As agreed during the litigation process, Somnigroup says it will divest 73 Mattress Firm retail locations and its own Sleep Outfitters subsidiary, which includes 103 specialty mattress retail locations and seven distribution centers, to Mattress Warehouse (MW SO Holdings Company) in the second quarter of 2025.

And what was originally a $4 billion transaction — $2.7 billion in cash and 34.2 million shares of TSI then-valued at $37.62 ($1.29 billion) — is now a $5 billion deal: $2.7 billion in cash and 34.2 million TSI shares now valued at $64.44 ($2.2 billion).

Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton and Simpson Thacher defended Tempur Sealy and Mattress Firm, respectively. Beck Redden acted as Houston local counsel for both defendants through partner Alex Roberts and associate Garrett Brawley.

The week ending Feb. 8 saw 14 transactions reported with a total value of $7.15 billion. The week prior there were 16 deals valued at $10.1 billion. And last year at this time, there were 25 transactions for $10.7 billion.

Weekly Corporate Deal Tracker Roundup Stats

A compilation of weekly stats from The Lawbook's CDT Weekly Roundup
(Deal Values in Millions)

Week Ending
Deal CountAmountFirmsLawyersM&A CountM&A Value $MCapM Count
CapM Value $M
10-May-202524$33,1751620619$30,7655$2,410
03-May-202511$4,249139011$2,226.52$2,022.5
26-Apr-202512$8,78791689$6,0113$2,776
19-Apr-202511$8,09771389$7,9852$112
12-Apr-202513$2,392815210$2,0653$327
05-Apr-202519$27,7621518816$25,4733$2,289
29-Mar-202521$8,1881025816$4,1255$4,064
22-Mar-202519$6,4851423115$4,1284$2,857
15-Mar-202513$13,7371315110$9,9324$3,805
8-Mar-20257$2,2345665$2242$2,100
1-Mar-202511$3,05087510$2,5501$500
24-Feb-2512$16,39771496$6,6356$9,862
17-Feb-2517$12,1361313410$9,4112$2,725
10-Feb-2514$7,15491799$4,9505$2,204
3-Feb-2516 $10,068720011$7,5535$2,515
25-Jan-2514$10,261101259$2,2075$8,054
18-Jan-2519$7,3821531612$2,3007$5,082
11-Jan-2521$33,5601618716$32,5215$1,039
4-Jan-259$6,8279809$6,82700
21-Dec-2411$2,79811928$2,2293$570
14-Dec-2415$5,3231218612$3,8123$1,511
07-Dec-2416$4,7661023111$2,32152,445
30-Nov-2410$10,29191034$8,2906$2.001
23-Nov-2415$4,5531515311$3,3794$1,174
16-Nov-2417$11,4881124513$10,1864$1,303
09-Nov-2414$2,1101213912$1,4102$700
02-Nov-2412 $52,788 1110711$52,7381$50
26-Oct-248$3,1608657$3,0651$75
19-Oct-2412$5,3041113611$4,5541$750
12-Oct-2417$8,4381215015$8,1162$322
05-Oct-2422$23,1811218915$19,9807$3,201
28-Sep-2411$2,35671447$534$2,303
21-Sep-2412$9,568101695$4,1017$5,467
14-Sep-2424$10,9881223516$7,1758$3,813
7-Sep-2412$20,4201616811$20,3071$112.9
31-Aug-2413$20,631913412$14,7751$5,856
24-Aug-2419$8,4522132516$7,1023$1,350
17-Aug-2425$49,1961630411$39,38614$9,810
10-Aug-2420$12,2641531216$9,7944$2,470
03-Aug-2426$16,4981633418$8,1378$8,361
27-Jul-2419$16,4422127115$13,8384$2,604
20-Jul-2415$16,0161418410$14,2325$1,784
13-Jul-2420$17,220 1426518$7,146 2$10,074
6-Jul-2411$3,941 11958$2,650 3$1,291
29-Jun-2414$6,296 152248$6,296 6$1,927
22-Jun-2412$5,679 81375$210 7$5,469
15-Jun-2413$9,895 1621410$5,280 3$4,615
8-Jun-2419$23,859 1323912$19,436 7$4,423
1-Jun-2412$34,510 111479$26,110 3$8,400
25-May-2413$9,684 1517110$4,434 3$5,250
18-May-2411$5,490 111738$3,129 3$2,361
11-May-2422$14,855 1422716$11,105 6$3,750
4-May-2413$3,139 98710$1,297 3$1,842
27-Apr-2410$6,684 62810$6,684 00
20-Apr-2419$15,989 111479$5,208 10$10,781
13-Apr-2413$8,952 97610$1,652 3$7,300
6-Apr-2423$26,616 1422214$13,501 8$13,116
30-Mar-2412$9,286 81368$4,299 4$4,987
23-Mar-2418$5,451 1726616$4,759 2$692
16-Mar-2421$11,437 1318614$9,316 6$2,070
9-Mar-2423$4,695 2121819$2,723 4$1,972
2-Mar-2420$9,108 1937214$4,558 6$4,550
24-Feb-2419$16,382 1224815$9,507 4$6,875
17-Feb-2416$29,932 1515712$29,216 4$716
10-Feb-2425$10,750 1719619$5,372 6$5,379
3-Feb-2412$8,416 181259$3,416 3$5,000
27-Jan-249$8,165 9878$7,815 1$800
20-Jan-2414$4,084 1210912$3,219 2$865
13-Jan-2417$33,588 1225612$26,765 5$6,823
6-Jan-248$7,915 8846$7,265 2$650
30-Dec-2317$14,599 129915$2,714 2$11,885
23-Dec-2323$4,182 1321916$1,813 7$2,370
16-Dec-2313$16,436 132807$15,150 5$1,286
9-Dec-2326$14,633.90 1724416$8,095 10$6,538.90
2-Dec-2313$6,720 95712$6,630 1$90
25-Nov-239$4,835 91316$1,785 3$3,050
18-Nov-2322$6,568.70 1718414$4,709.20 8$1,859.50
11-Nov-2315$9,825 1317912$6,581 3$3,244
4-Nov-2315$20,582.50 1419312$19,417.50 3$1,165
28-Oct-2318$68,419.10 1815215$66,646 3$1,773.10
21-Oct-2316$6,755.90 1616515$6,755.90 1$3
14-Oct-2314$67,851.20 131259$61,998.50 5$5,852.70
7-Oct-2317$6,595.50 1322816$5,995.50 1$600
30-Sep-2317$1,896.45 1318914$806.45 3$1,090
23-Sep-2323$6,432.70 1723016$1,402.80 7$5,029.90
16-Sep-2325$23,226.70 2335316$17,239 9$5,987.70
9-Sep-2312$6,369 81027$4,311 5$2,058
2-Sep-2314$2,522 69213$1,322 1$1,200
26-Aug-2317$12,160.25 1320215$6,573.25 2$5,587.00
19-Aug-2319$11,505 1321315$11,255 4$250
12-Aug-2319$9,698.80 131847$3,270 12$6,428.80
5-Aug-2313$5,201 1211812$5,051 1$150
29-Jul-2315$21,031.60 1319611$18,292.00 4$2,739.60
22-Jul-2318$3,992 1213013$2,808 5$1,184
15-Jul-2313$8,254.95 138113$8,254.95 00
8-Jul-2316$5,441.45 1217211$2,443 5$2,998.45
1-Jul-2316$6,872 1010512$5,474 4$1,398
24-Jun-2313$10,914 1620110$7,874 3$3,040
17-Jun-2317$5,880.70 1515115$4,705.70 2$1,175
10-Jun-2319$8,516.10 1311116$6,252.40 3$2,263.70
June 3 202312$6,104.42 121388$4,256.92 4$1,847.50
27-May-2317$12,200 106711$6,165 6$6,035
20-May-2311$22,458.10 81034$19,455 7$3,003
13-May-2312$7,034 101018$5,460 4$1,574
6-May-2320$3,297.60 1819617$2,985.60 3$312
29-Apr-2323$3,691.20 1813517$1,969.70 6$1,721.50
22-Apr-2316$5,570 1410414$4,750 2$1,000
15-Apr-2312$23,818.10 95910$21,618.10 2$2,200
8-Apr-2316$7,949 91739$5,472 7$3,477
1-Apr-2321$18,676.70 1217511$10,926.70 10$7,750
25-Mar-2315$8,779.50 101415$2,362 10$6,416.50
18-Mar-237$14,048.80 6695$13,345 2$703.80
11-Mar-2321$11,576 1616516$8,131 5$3,445
4-Mar-2320$9,668 1122816$8,209 4$1,459
25-Feb-2313$5,335 1313012$4,235 1$1,200
18-Feb-2314$5,743.70 131588$898.70 6$4,845
11-Feb-2316$12,088 1213712$9,965 4$2,123
4-Feb-2317$8,066 1514013$5,614 4$2,452
28-Jan-237$2,180 7755$1,692.75 2$488
21-Jan-2317$5,768 1617412$1,918 5$3,850
14-Jan-2311$2, 800101028$421 3$2,400
7-Jan-2318$8,296 1116714$6,461 3$1,835
31-Dec-2214$2,732 119912$2,092 2$640
17-Dec14$7,919 1311512$7,419 1$500
10-Dec-2214$10,093 128811$7,093 3$3,000
3-Dec-2226$12,800.90 1117220$4,141 6$8,659.90
26-Nov-228$2,266.70 853$76 5$2,190.70
19-Nov-2221$2,886 1521219$2,550 2$336
12-Nov-2213$15,093.70 9819$14,200 4$893.70
5-Nov-222519,337.201650922$8,267.20 3$11,070
29-Oct-2215$7,805.30 911614$7,180.30 1$625
22-Oct-2220$8,193.50 1325313$5,442 7$2,751.50
15-Oct-229$3,046.10 91397$2,588.30 2$457.80
8-Oct-2219$2,011.80 1211416$833.80 3$1,178
1-Oct-2223$5,532.90 1615618$4,952.30 5$580.60
24-Sep-2218$5,194 1421615$4,050 3$1,144
17-Sep-2221$8,352.30 1232015$4,759.60 6$3,592.70
10-Sep-2215$19,853.50 1012613$19,403.60 2$450
3-Sep-229$2,312 9629$2,312 00
27-Aug-2216$30,891.70 1013515$30,666.40 1227.7
20-Aug-2212$1,977 815299253$1,052
13-Aug-2218$8,004.70 1124211$2,844.70 7$5,160
6-Aug-2224$7,948.90 1224017$3,577 7$4,371.90
30-Jul-228$6,941 9787$6,839 1$102
23-Jul-2211$801 119210$801 10
16-Jul-2214$3,650 1012214$3,650 00
9-Jul-2210$3,557.70 7689$3,557.70 10
2-Jul-2218$8,609.40 1315215$2,754.40 3$5,855
25-Jun-2215$6,142 131469$2,017 6$4,125
18-Jun-2217$11,890.10 1422815$11,410 2479.7
11-Jun-2217$7,600 1212310$2,300 7$5,300
4-Jun-2212$2,937 101279$692 3$2,245
28-May-229$3,197.60 11869$3,197.60 00
21-May-2214$7,284.50 1218511$6,609 3$675.50
14-May-2211$306.60 98010$306.60 1$225
7-May-2216$10,451.75 1210812$1,827 4$8,624.75
30-Apr-2216$2,296.50 1615712$895.50 4$1,401
23-Apr-2210$2,241 11588$1,641 2$600
16-Apr-2211$6,643 71568$2,359 3$4,284
9-Apr-2217$4,429 1418411$1,690 6$2,739
2-Apr-2213$1,755 88410$1,145 3$610
26-Mar-2211$3,205 8656$200 5$3,005
19-Mar-2213$2,239.17 910613$2,239.17 00
12-Mar-2218$12,016 1123915$11,965 2$51.35
5-Mar-2217$6,786 1313713$5,161 4$1,625
26-Feb-2212$5,095 81499$4,437.50 3$658
19-Feb-2217$22,229 1717414$21,354 3$875
12-Feb-2212$2,344.70 10738$641.70 4$1,703
5-Feb-2211$2,503 89911$2,503 00
29-Jan-2211$3,872 1210112$3,872 00
22-Jan-2213$5,143.50 109912$4,842.50 1$301
15-Jan-2212$7,605 91559$6,480 3$1,025
8-Jan-2213$8,256.20 1110213$8,256.20 00
1-Jan-229$1,273.80 6509$1,273.80 00
25-Dec-2121$4,734.75 1117616$3,410 5$1,324.75
18-Dec-2126$7,325.20 1519318$3,640.20 8$3,685.20
11-Dec-2116$5,017 1010913$1,417 3$3,600
4-Dec-2114$2,310 8868$2,310 6$1,882.05
27-Nov-219$3.460.1101016$1,758 3$1,702.60
20-Nov-2120$22,792 1515712$18,864.50 8$3,928
13-Nov-2121$26,729 1217813$11,822 8$14,907
6-Nov-2112$8,303 1315710$6,682 3$1,621
30-Oct-2121$10,368 1521815$9,24.46$1,103.00
23-Oct-2121$18.783.11522211$12,314 10$6,468.60
16-Oct-2115$3,868 1111815$2,293 2$1,575
9-Oct-2120$8,610 1617516$7,795 4$815
2-Oct-2114$6,250 1113710$5,200 4$1,050
25-Sep-2111$11,460 9937$10,200 4$1,250
18-Sep-2111$16,603 8998$15,084 3$1,519
11-Sep-2117$10,653 1110313$8,503 4$2,150
4-Sep-2113$7,222 108911$6,715 2$507
28-Aug-2112$763 96311$663 1$100
21-Aug-2112$29,659 77911$29,579 1$80
14-Aug-2122$17,845 1119912$12,805 10$5,04
7-Aug-2117$13,670 1213915$11,766 2$1,904
31-Jul-2121$8,160 1113410$3,574 10$4,586
July 24,202121$6,367 1113915$3,712 6$2,655
17-Jul-2114$4,009 1112412$2,015 2$1,994
10-Jul-2116$3,997 1314311$1,597 4$2,4
3-Jul-2124$7,492 139416$3,769 8$3,722
26-Jun-2110$4,995 7858$3,847 2$1,148
19-Jun-2128$16,830 82289$1,861 19$14,968
12-Jun-2126$27,238 1520919$25,602 7$1,636
5-Jun-2115$15,539 1310013$14,709 2$600
29-May-2135$20,279 1114528$18,647$1,639
22-May-2124$53,208 1417417$51,047 7$2,161
15-May-2118$10,620 1322011$5,870 7$4,809
8-May-2117$10,400 1115615$8,386 2$2,500
1-May-2121$7,200 1611512$3,808 9$3,392
24-Apr-218$20,200 9318$20,200 00
17-Apr-2114$6,270 810211$40,180 3$2,260
10-Apr-2115$8,940 1312914$7,990 1$950
3-Apr-2118$19,513 1015112$16,923 6$2,590
27-Mar-2127$13,942 1524414$4,300 13$9,633.50
20-Mar-2111$2,046 41023$270 8$1,776
13-Mar-2115$3,270 91096$538 9$2,732
6-Mar-2124$13,617 1019613$10,395 11$3,222
27-Feb-2119$8,105 1213915$4,970 4$3,135
20-Feb-219$8,820 91538$8,520 1$300
13-Feb-2112$4,852.60 78172,7665$2,086.60
6-Feb-2118$9,752 1315314$5,222 4$4,530
30-Jan-2118$9,449 918215$8,753.80 3$695.30
23-Jan-2114$8,150 81186$4,000 8$4,150
16-Jan-2117$6,783 1313811$2,400 6$4,382.90
9-Jan-2122$6,829 1413518$3,139.30 4$3,690
2-Jan-217$1,466 7607$1,466 00
26-Dec-2018$15,900 1216316$5,300 1$600
19-Dec-2018$9,769 1411014$8,426 4$1,343
12-Dec-2010$7,200 91009$3,325 1$3,830
5-Dec-2015$4,261 91229$2,780 6$1,481
28-Nov-2019$7,758 1011013$4,003 6$3,755
14-Nov-2014$864.10 1415712$289.10 2$575
7-Nov-2013$6,332 91299$2,483.50 4$3,849
31-Oct-2010$3,995.80 81036$3,231.10 4$754.70
24-Oct-206$18,100 6585$17,709 1$350
17-Oct-208$351.90 5558$351.90 00
10-Oct-207$5,229 3504$735 3$4,494
3-Oct-2014$21,428 91739$17,535 5$3,893
26-Sep-2010$12,770 8935$10,300 5$2,470
19-Sep-2014$8,365 91016$1,020 8$7,345
12-Sep-206$4,406 8593$1,270 3$3,136
5-Sep-2011$5,191 81179$4,061 2$1,130
29-Aug-2011$2,531 9945$1,130 6$1,401
22-Aug-2018$6,574 121407$1,930 11$4,644
15-Aug-2013$4,991 10977$1,216 6$3,775
8-Aug-2012$32,092 111129$30,457 3$1,635
1-Aug-207$5,287 8765$3,687 2$1,600
25-Jul-209$18,751 6677$18,403 2$348
18-Jul-206$1,982.50 5504$1,407.50 2$575
11-Jul-2011$565.10 127510$65.10 1$500
4-Jul-2010$8,889 8989$8,788 1$100.30
27-Jun-208$6,874 10505$4,972.50 3$2,081.50
20-Jun-2012$4,444 91157$2,829 5$1,615
13-Jun-206$3,582 4372$350 4$3,232
6-Jun-2011$3,213.70 8657$470 4$2,743.70
30-May-208$7,335 7486$4,639 2$2,697
23-May-204$432.40 4343$432.40 10
16-May-206$310 6345$310 10
9-May-2018$5,630 1612414$3,180 4$2,450
2-May-201510,40010908$1,900 7$,8,500
25-Apr-208$3,400 9365$1,000 3$2,450
18-Apr-2019$9,500 14928$185.70 11$9,360
11-Apr-2012$6,000 9405$190 7$5,800
4-Apr-2014$8,200 116810$2,200 4$6,000
28-Mar-2016$6,500 139610$3,700 6$2,800
21-Mar-2011$11,910 7337$2,250 4$9,960
14-Mar-207809.86346684.81125
7-Mar-2016$2,500 157013$669 3$1,400
29-Feb-2013$15,260 1312811$11,760 2$3,500
22-Feb-2012$3,700 109210$2,560 2$1,130
15-Feb-2016$1,250 108412$35 4$1,222
8-Feb-2018$6,080 1412314$2,595 4$3,485
1-Feb-2021$20,900 1210114$17,860 7$3,060
25-Jan-2013$7,430 136212$6,430 1$1,000
18-Jan-2023$9,580 1512019$6,580 4$3,000
11-Jan-2021$14,200 1819916$1,020 5$13,200
4-Jan-2022$6,400 1111916$3,204 6$3,245
28-Dec-1922$7,150 1917518$6,800 4$327.40
14-Dec-1924$36,300 2316719$9,500 5$26,800
7-Dec-1911$10,400 11557$1,082 4$9,370
November 30. 201914$2,450 1212612$1,760 2$692.50
23-Nov-1916$1,995 104111$615 5$1,380
16-Nov-1915$3,820 1313511$2,500 4$1,271
9-Nov-1925$12,900 1718223$12,200 2$575
2-Nov-1910$2,470 126192,4503$22
26-Oct-1912$5,560 147011$3,860 1$1,700
19-Oct-198$6,600 81388$6,600 00
12-Oct-1919$4,300 145516$3,800 3$500
5-Oct-1918$14,500 1916615$11,100 3$3,400
28-Sep-1919$8,100 1813218$7,560 1$550
21-Sep-1914$6,300 166611$2,160 3$4,170
14-Sep-1915$23,800 125611$21,250 4$2,570
7-Sep-1917$3,500 159814$1,900 3$1,600
31-Aug-195$8,700 6505$8,700 00
24-Aug-1916$10,000 148215$4,250 1$5,750
16-Aug-1910$1,680 5527$650 3$950
9-Aug-1917$17,700 156814$3,900 3$13,800
2-Aug-1913$5,760 1210813$5,760 NANA
27-Jul-1911$7,300 13768$6,570 3$730
20-Jul-1913$11,800 1312511$5,300 2$6,500
13-Jul-1910$775 7468$542.50 2$233
6-Jul-197$2,500 9857$2,500 00
29-Jun-1923$8,290 1515417$2,300 6$5,970
22-Jun-1917$10,700 1013914$7,700 3$3,000
15-Jun-1911$13,500 1416011$13,500 NANA
8-Jun-1913$2,870 175511$1,570 2$1,300
1-Jun-1910$4,460 11608$4,140 2$315
25-May-1917$4,360 147914$3,700 3$612
18-May-1922$9,000 1715016$3,400 6$5,600
11-May-1918$19,800 1717715$18,300 3$1,500
4-May-1910$7,075 6328$6,900 2$175
27-Apr-1915$3,200 1411714$3,160 1$40
20-Apr-1913$13,500 10909$12,200 4$1,300
13-Apr-1916$38,900 149114$37,800 2$1,100
6-Apr-1912$6,870 119410$6,730 2$50
30-Mar-1915$6,470 128410$7,91.55$5,677
23-Mar-1918$6,450 149114$5,042 4$1,408
16-Mar-1914$10,180 1211511$8,800 3$1,300
9-Mar-199$1,800 6498$1,300 1$500
2-Mar-1920$3,033 1610714$1,817 6$1,262
23-Feb-1912$2,040 8699$614.60 3$1,430
16-Feb-1916$9,970 187716$9,970 00
9-Feb-1914$6,400 1011014$6,400 00
2-Feb-1918$6,740 159916$5,720 2$950
26-Jan-1913$2,770 116711$918.95 2$1,850
19-Jan-1915$3,819 167612$2,594 3$1,225
12-Jan-1918$7,283 149215$1,683 3$5,600
5-Jan-1910$529 125010$529 00
22-Dec-1817$2,570 138714$941 3$1,629
15-Dec-1810$2,860 8268$264 2$2,600
8-Dec-1815$1,819 166512$552 3$1,267
1-Dec-1812$7,500 10909$1,200 3$6,200
28-Nov-1815$4,500 1110714$4,000 1$500
19-Nov-1818$6,137 139813$2,142 5$3,995
14-Nov-1818$9,200 1315215$8,500 3$694
6-Nov-1816$17,300 1618314$16,361 2$950
29-Oct-1814$14,400 1812717$13,800 1$600
24-Oct-1813$6,140 1312611$5,122 2$1,018
17-Oct-1818$18,390 1512514$12,292 4$6,098
10-Oct-1829$3,149 1810420$1,647 9$819
2-Oct-1818$9,300 116714$7,300 4$2,000
25-Sep-1813$7,000 117510$6,000 3$995
18-Sep-189$3,570 7449$3,570 00
11-Sep-1813$5,900 1013213$5,900 00
7-Sep-1814$5,000 158611$4,000 3$1,000
29-Aug-1815$20,700 147913$4,700 2$16,000
20-Aug-1810$12,400 11538$11,380 3$1,057
14-Aug-1812$19,900 121329$18,889 3$1,011
7-Aug-1816$68,600 1110613$67,259 3$1,340
31-Jul-1815$15,100 159511$13,060 4$2,060
23-Jul-1813$2,130 156010$1,804 3$1,100
17-Jul-1814$5,370 17989$4,310 5$1,100
9-Jul-1816$11,200 157410$11,080 6$862
3-Jul-1813$7,000 78112$6,330 1$750
25-Jun-1815$8,800 13979$4,970 6$3,930
18-Jun-1813$14,200 14807$221 6$14,290
11-Jun-1812$6,300 8968$5,910 4$803
6-Jun-1813$14,500 10888$14,154 5$579
31-May-1811$4,890 10638$3,240 3$1,790
22-May-1815$20,400 11639$19,808 6$885
15-May-1815$4,700 1510610$3,900 5$643
9-May-1811$1,400 13889$1,300 2$560
1-May-188$14,250 7887$13,400 1$450
24-Apr-1812$5,300 66111$4,470 1$800
17-Apr-189$1,800 10447$2,330 2$1,434
11-Apr-1811$2,500 8326$1,690 5$809
3-Apr-1815$13,400 111219$12,020 6$1,090
28-Mar-1810$4,000 10927$3,870 3$215
19-Mar-1817$5,800 135110$590 7$5,165
12-Mar-1815$3,130 114311$2,360 4$788
6-Mar-1819$5,400 1311610$1,530 9$4,860
27-Feb-1820$6,600 136914$5,530 6$1,030
19-Feb-1815$5,500 1411110$3,990 6$1,980
12-Feb-1823$10,900 1715712$7,110 11$3,840
5-Feb-1816$8,600 131007$1,330 9$7,800
30-Jan-1811$12,600 11685$7,300 6$4,982
24-Jan-1819$9,400 151295$2,010 14$7,337
18-Jan-1810$6,280 8492$2,100 8$4,188
9-Jan-1812$16,500 12929$15,890 3$475
3-Jan-1810$2,500 9478$2,350 2$150
27-Dec-1715$9,000 151139$7,568 6$1,784
18-Dec-1715$13,800 161649$13,010 7$1,118
11-Dec-1714$9,700 1012612$2,940 4$8,500
4-Dec-176$1,800 6315$1,510 1$300
28-Nov-177$3,850 8764$3,260 3$285
16-Nov-1710$2,700 10486$1,840 4$856
8-Nov-1715$2,380 179110$1,860 5$516
1-Nov-1712$4,700 17949$3,400 4$1,300
23-Oct-1715$10,500 106710$9,780 4$1,530
18-Oct-176$2,000 373$225 3$1,820
10-Oct-1712$6,570 1009$3,880 3$3,360
2-Oct-178$3,100 11193$1,630 5$1,750
25-Sep-178$4,880 8795$2,660 5$2,070
18-Sep-179$4,770 3$300 6$4,470
12-Sep-1711$4,430 8$2,030 3$2,400
1-Sep-174$1,310 3$317 1$1,000
23-Aug-1711$13,640 98$11,840 3$1,800

M&A/Funding

Altus Power to be taken private by TPG’s Climate for $2.2B

Deal Description: Altus Power, a commercial-scale provider of clean electric power in Stamford, Connecticut, announced on Thursday that it has agreed to be acquired by TPG Rise Climate in an all-cash transaction for $5 per share of its common stock, valuing the company at $2.2 billion, including debt. TPG acquired the company through its TPG Rise Climate Transition Infrastructure strategy and following the close of the transaction, Altus Power’s stock will no longer be listed on the NYSE. Latham & Watkins served as Altus Power’s outside legal counsel, and Kirkland & Ellis as TPG’s outside legal counsel. For more information, see our daily coverage here.

AMG acquires minority interest in Northbridge Partners

Deal Description: AMG, a strategic partner and long-term investor in global independent investment firms, announced on Feb. 6 that is acquiring a minority stake in NorthBridge Partners, a real estate-focused investment manager based in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Details of the transaction were undisclosed. The NorthBridge management team will continue to own a majority interest in the company and will direct day-to-day operations. AMG plans to use the agreement to expand its presence and exposure in areas of secular growth. NorthBridge will look to leverage AMG’s experience and capital to support its strategic long-term growth initiatives within the real estate industry.

AMG Outside Legal Counsel: Gibson Dunn advised AMG in the deal with a team that included Michael Piazza (Houston), Andrew Friedman (Century City), Kevin Lafferty (Century City), Juliette Rafael (Los Angeles), Michelle Lou (Los Angeles), A.J. Frey (Washington, D.C./New York), Mitchell Dost (Dallas), Ali Speiss (Houston), Darius Mehraban (New York), Claire Griffet (New York), Pamela Lawrence Endreny (New York), Kate Long (New York), Sean Feller (Century City), Spencer Bankhead (Orange County) and Gregory Merz (Washington, D.C.).

Pearl Energy Investments Announces Close of $999.9M Fund

Deal Description: Pearl Energy Investments, a Dallas-based energy-focused investment firm, announced on Feb. 4 the closing of its Pearl Energy Investments IV fund. The fund closed over-subscribed with capital commitments of $999.9 million in just four months following its launch. With $3 billion in funds under management, Pearl specializes in investments of $50 million to $150 million. Pearl did not use a placement agent.

Pearl Energy Investments Outside Legal Counsel: Kirkland & Ellis represented Pearl Energy Investments in the deal with a team that included Susan Eisenberg (Houston), Shannon Thompson (Dallas), Megan Bourassa (Houston), Reem Ahmed (Dallas), Alexa Wachsman (Austin), Blake Cleary (Houston), Stephen Butler (Austin/Houston), Grace Bridwell (Chicago), Stacie Nguyen (Houston), Reed Schuster (Austin/Chicago) and Sabrina Glaser (New York).

Trinity Hunt to combine Craft, Verndale for CX platform

Deal Description: Trinity Hunt Partners, a Dallas-based PE firm, announced on Feb. 4 that it has made majority investments in two digital customer experience-focused firms based in Boston, Craft and Verndale. Following the investments, Trinity plans to merge the pair to create a full-service digital customer experience platform. Founded in 2016, Craft specializes in the research and design of CX products; Verndale, founded in 1998, specializes in the strategies and implementation of customer experiences. No terms were disclosed.

Trinity Hunt Partners Outside Legal Counsel: Kirkland & Ellis represented Trinity Hunt Partners in the deal, which involved a team that included Thomas Laughlin (Dallas), Brad Johnson (Dallas), Sarah Walden (Dallas), David Wheat (Dallas/Houston) and Jon Nelsen (Austin).

Verndale Financial Advisor: Clearsight Advisors

ONEOK, MPLX form LNG projects for $1.75B

Deal Description: Tulsa-based ONEOK, announced Feb. 4 that it has agreed with Marathon Petroleum subsidiary MPLX, to develop and operate a natural gas processing terminal and pipeline project connecting ONEOK upstream assets to the Texas Gulf Coast. The two firms are expected to invest a combined $1.75 billion in the projects. Under the agreement MPLX, based in Findlay, Ohio, will construct and operate a 400,000-barrel-per-day LPG export terminal in Texas City, with construction expected to finish in early 2028. Each firm will own 50 percent of the newly developed export terminal and contribute $700 million to the project. ONEOK build and operate a 24-inch pipeline from its storage facility in Mont Belvieu, Texas, to the new terminal. ONEOK will own 80 percent and contribute $280 million to the new pipeline, while MPLX LP will own 20 percent and contribute $70 million.

ONEOK, Inc. In-Housse Legal Counsel: Lyndon C. Taylor (Austin)

ONEOK, Inc. Outside Legal Counsel: Latham & Watkins represented ONEOK in the deal with a team that included partner Charles Carpenter (New York/Houston), partner Ashley Nguyen (Houston), associate Rebekah Bingham (Houston), associate Emily Brown (Houston), associate Taylor Lopez (Houston), associate Ikechukwu (Ike) Obioma (Houston), associate Jeffrey Romano (Houston), associate Dylan Brown (Houston), partner Robert Frances (San Diego), counsel Aaron Friberg (San Diego), partner David Miller (Austin/Houston), partner Timothy Fenn (Houston), partner Jim Cole (Houston), associate Dominick Constantino (Houston), partner Joshua Marnitz (Los Angeles/Houston) and associate Nolan Fargo (San Diego).

Voldex acquires “Brookhaven”

Deal Description: Voldex, a London-based owner of many of the most played games on Roblox, announced on Feb. 4 that it has added the life simulation-focused game Brookhaven to its growing library of games. Terms of the agreement were undisclosed. Voldex said it will fund the acquisition through its most recent capital raise. The equity financing for the raise included Raine Partners (The Raine Group’s growth equity fund), Makers Fund, QIA, MIT, Tirta Ventures and Lalotte Ventures. The firm also raised additional debt financing through a handful of firms, which included Shamrock Capital, Ares Management Credit funds and Cadma Capital Partners. The recently announced acquisition of Brookhaven will expand the London-based firm’s Roblox user base to 145 million players monthly.

The Raine Group Outside Legal Counsel: Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman advised The Raine Group in connection with its recent investment into Voldex with a team that included Stephen Amdur (New York), Nick Burgess (London), Nina Bakhtina (New York), Alexandra Stephanos (New York), Kate Chan (London), Natalie Alexander (New York), Robert Stein (New York), Nora Burke (New York), Steven Farmer (London), Evan Storm (Washington, D.C.), Scott Morton (London), Mark Booth (London), Shruti Bhutani Arora (San Francisco), Iris Karaman (London), Christine Mastromonaco (San Francisco), Edward Cavazos (Austin), Luke Hartman (Austin), Jessica Lutrin (Austin/New York), Ryan Kenny (San Francisco), Rebecca Carr Rizzo (Washington, D.C.), Robert Davies (London) and Laura Killalea (Washington, D.C.).

Unity Partners closes oversubscribed fund

Deal Description: According to Kirkland & Ellis, Dallas-based Unity Partners, a middle-market private equity firm, has closed an unnamed, oversubscribed PE fund. United specializes in acquiring small businesses in fragmented markets, particularly in the services sector. Founded by John Block and Bryan Adams in 2022, Unity’s portfolio companies now include: Tropolis (insurance); Poolie (residential pool services); Katsam (commercial property maintenance servies) and Prosperity Partners (tax and accounting services).

Unity Partners Outside Legal Counsel: Kirkland & Ellis advised Unity Partners in forming and closing its fund with a team that included Matt Nadworny (Houston/Dallas), Nathan Andrew Wolcott (Houston), Misha Checkovich (Houston) and Alex Albert (New York). 

Energy Spectrum Capital invests in midstream Renegade Infrastructure

Deal Description: Renegade Infrastructure, a Houston-based energy investor, announced Feb. 3, an inaugural but undisclosed capital commitment from Dallas-based Energy Spectrum Capital. The formation of Renegade reunites Drew Ward and Jason Tanous, the team behind Pinnacle Midstream II. Pinnacle II, also backed by Energy Spectrum Capital, was sold to Phillips 66 in July 2024 for $550 million. Renegade says it plans to pursue midstream acquisition opportunities and greenfield projects in multiple O&G basins inside the Lower 48.

Energy Spectrum Partners In-House Counsel: Ashley DeLuca (Dallas)

Energy Spectrum Partners Outside Legal Counsel: Vinson & Elkins represented Energy Spectrum Partners in the deal with a V&E team that included  Crosby Scofield (Houston), senior associate Zac Horne (Dallas), partner Brian Russell (Dallas) and senior associate Miron Klimkowski (Dallas).

Renegade Infrastructure Outside Legal Counsel: Troutman Pepper Locke represented Renegade Infrastructure in the deal with a team that included partner Jennie Simmons (Houston), partner Eric Larson (Houston) and associate Andrew Nelson (Houston).

Bain Capital Acquires Frontline Road Safety Group From The Sterling Group

Deal Description: Frontline Road Safety Group, a Denver-based pavement marking services provider, announced on Jan. 30 that Bain Capital, a Boston-based PE firm, has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire its business from The Sterling Group. The Sterling Group has been a partner with Frontline since its platform launched in 2020. The financial details of the recent acquisition were not announced; however, post-acquisition Mitch Williams, Frontline’s current CEO, will continue to run the team, and its current management team will remain significant investors in the company.

The Sterling Group In-House Legal Counsel: Max Klupchak (Houston)

Frontline Road Safety and The Sterling Group Outside Legal Counsel: Latham & Watkins advised with a team that included partner Bruce C. Herzog (Houston), partner Scott Miller (Houston) with counsel Richard Quay (New York), associate William Fullenweider (Houston), associate Dean Dixon (Houston), associate Braydon Jones (Houston), associate Alexandra Cumberland (Houston), partner Bradd Williamson (New York), counsel Leah Segall (Chicago), associate Mary Daniel Morgan (Houston), counsel Robert Brown (Houston/Austin) and lawyers from New York, Chicago, Boston and Los Angeles.

Bain Capital Outside Legal Counsel: Kirkland & Ellis led by Chicago partner Christopher Thomas

Frontline Road Safety Financial Advisors: Harris Williams and Guggenheim Securities

Bain Capital Financial Advisors: Stifel and UBS Investment Bank

Capital Markets/Credit

Cleveland-Cliffs Announces Announces Offering of $850M Senior Unsecured Guaranteed Notes

Deal Description: Cleveland-Cliffs, a Cleveland-based steel producer and steel-focused services provider, announced on Feb. 3 that it has priced and upsized a group of senior unsecured guaranteed notes worth $850 million at 7.5 percent due in 2031. The newly announced notes are expected to be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis through a select grouping of the company’s subsidiaries. The offering is intended to close on Feb. 6, and Cleveland-Cliffs will use the proceeds to repay debt owed for its asset-based credit facility and other general corporate purposes.

Cleveland-Cliffs Outside Legal Counsel: Jones Day represented Cleveland-Cliffs in the offering with a team that included Michael Solecki (Cleveland), Ferrell Keel (Dallas), Malory Thelen (Dallas), Ruben Aguirre (Dallas), Terrence Wicks (Dallas), Kelly Rubin (Dallas) and Paul Johnson III (Dallas).

Valero Announces Offering of $650M Senior Notes

Deal Description: Valero Energy Corporation, the San Antonio-based producer and marketer of fuels and other petrochemical products, announced on Feb. 4 that it has priced a new batch of senior notes worth $650 million at 5.150 percent due in 2030. The offering intends to close on Feb. 7, and the San Antonio-based firm will use the proceeds to repay, repurchase and redeem its outstanding 3.650 percent senior notes and its 2.850 percent senior notes, both due in 2025. The firm will also use the proceeds from the offering for other everyday corporate purposes.

Valero Energy Corporation Outside Legal Counsel: Baker Botts represented Valero Energy Corporation in the deal with a team that included Jamie Yarbrough (Houston), Timothy Taylor (Houston), Robert Cowan (Austin/Houston), Brevan Ward (Houston), Jon Lobb (Houston), Nick Frey (San Francisco) and Elizabeth Singleton (Houston).

Joint Book-Running Managers For The Offering: Citigroup Global Markets, BofA Securities, JP Morgan Securities and Mizuho Securities 

TransMontaigne Partners offers $500M in senior notes

Deal Description: TransMontaigne Partners, a Denver-based terminal, storage and transportation provider to those within the energy industry, announced on Feb. 6 that it has priced a new collection of senior unsecured notes worth $500 million at 8.5 percent due in 2030. The notes will be part of a private offering at an issue price of 100 percent, with the offering intended to close on Feb. 21. Furthermore, its subsidiaries, who guarantee its credit facility, will also fully guarantee the notes. TransMontaigne will use the net proceeds to redeem its 6.125 percent senior unsecured notes due in 2026 and repay debt for its revolving credit facility. TransMontaigne will also use the proceeds to distribute to its parent, TLP Finance Holdings, and repay TLP’s term loan due in 2025. Outside of using the proceeds for those activities, the company will also use the proceeds to pay for other transaction-associated expenses and fees.

Initial Purchaser Outside Legal Counsel: V&E represented Barclays Capital in the deal with a team that included Thomas Zentner (Austin/Houston), Ramey Layne (Denver/Houston), David Harry Stone (Houston), John Frey (Houston), Waleed Vohra (Houston), Rylie Goldwait (Houston), Chet Wynne (Houston), Nick Wetzeler (Dallas), Matthew Dobbins (Houston), Kelly Rondinelli (Washington, D.C.), Ryan Carney (Houston), Natan Leyva (Dallas), Jeff Slusher (Dallas), Victoria Galves Godfrey (Washington, D.C.), Andrew Beach (Washington, D.C.), Carrigan English (Houston), Rajesh Patel (Houston), Haley Titcomb (Austin), Brian Howard (Washington, D.C.), Elizabeth Krabill McIntyre (Washington, D.C.), Melissa Jester Spohn (Dallas/Houston) and Nicole Waterstradt (Dallas).

Mach Natural Resources announces $192.5M public offering

Deal Description: Mach Natural Resources, an Oklahoma City-based acquirer and developer of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves in the Anadarko Basin region of Western Oklahoma, Southern Kansas and Texas’ panhandle, announced the pricing of a new public offering of its standard units on Feb. 6. The offering will see Mach offer 12,903,226 units to the public for $15.50 per unit. In addition, it will offer the underwriters part of the offering the opportunity to purchase an additional 1,935,483 units. Mach expects to receive net proceeds of $192.5 million after expenses. The units will be offered on the NYSE and traded under the ticker symbol “MNR.” It plans to use these proceeds to repay $23 million of its current borrowings at its super-priority credit facility and a part of its term loan credit facility. Mach also intends to repay the remaining borrowings owed to its loan credit facility through a combination of additional cash on hand and from the proceeds of a new credit facility it will enter following the close of this offering.

Underwriters Outside Legal Counsel: Baker Botts represented the underwriters in the offering with a team that included partner Doug Getten (Houston), senior counsel Joshua Davidson (Houston), senior associate Parker Hinman (Houston), associate Austin Lee (Houston), associate Cade Luedde (Houston), partner Clint Culpepper (Austin/Houston), associate Morgan Copher (Dallas), special counsel Chuck Campbell (Houston), senior associate Kyle Doherty (Houston) associate Brittany Dudley (Dallas) and special counsel Elizabeth Singleton (Houston).

Joint Book-running Managers for the Offering: Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Raymond James & Associates, TCBI Securities (as Texas Capital Securities) and Truist Securities 

Co-managers for the Offering: Johnson Rice & Company and Stephens

EPWK HOLDINGS announces $11.25M IPO

Deal Description: EPWK HOLDINGS, a Xiamen, China-based company that leverages cloud-sourcing platforms to connect businesses with talent, announced on Feb. 7 the close of its public IPO that saw the firm obtain $11.275 million in proceeds. Through this offering, EPWK made 2,750,000 shares available at $4.10 per share to the public and offered the underwriters the 30-day option to purchase an additional 412,500 shares after closing. The shares began trading on Feb. 6 on the Nasdaq under the ticker symbol “EPWK.” EPWK intends to use the $11.275 million primarily for business and product development. However, it will also use the proceeds to create an online global design center and ensure it has working capital.

EPWK Outside Legal Counsel: VCL Law

Underwriters’ Outside Legal Counsel: Winston & Strawn represented Revere Securities in connection with the offering with a team that included partner Michael Blankenship (Houston/San Francisco/New York), associate Robert Allan Oakes (Houston), associate Hannah Miller (Houston), associate Jeremy Spankowski (Chicago) and associate Peter Staviski (Houston).

Underwriters for the Offering: Cathay Securities and Revere Securities

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