Despite a blockbuster 2021, IPO activity has slowed drastically in the early part of 2022, according to Fidelity Investments.
Issuance and proceeds are well off last year’s pace as broad market worries about inflation, supply chain problems and, more recently, the war in Ukraine have slowed IPO activity.
IPOs have also underperformed in public trading of late, the investment firm said. The Renaissance IPO Index, which tracks the performance of newly public companies, fell 5 percent in 2021—after soaring 110 percent in 2020. Thus far in 2022, it is down 23 percent.
Still, there are some well-known companies expected to go public in 2022 that could help get the ball rolling, Fidelity says. The list includes advanced driver assistance company Mobileye, message board operator Reddit, software robot company Automation Anywhere, online retailer Flipkart and Vietnamese automaker Vinfast.
Here in Lone Star State, Texas-based lawyers worked on 104 IPOs last year, more than 11 percent of the 951 IPOs issued in the U.S., according to the Corporate Deal Tracker. And of the 104 IPO transactions, 78 were special purpose acquisition companies, or SPACs, representing 75 percent of the total.
Still, Baker Botts partner Josh Davidson told The Texas Lawbook earlier in the month that he expects the SPAC market to stay in play, particular in energy, the sector dominated by Texas-based lawyers.
“Many of these SPACs are focused on acquiring business in the energy sector, particularly energy transition focused businesses,” Davidson said. “While the SPAC IPO market has been tightening up due to the large volume of capital chasing de-SPAC merger targets and SEC focus, we continue to see investors willing to put money into these vehicles, especially those with strong sponsors and management teams.”
Indeed, more SPACS keep coming. This past week, RF Acquisition Corp. launched its $100 million initial public offering on March 24 (Winston & Strawn partner Mike Blankenship co-advised RF out of Houston along with fellow partner Simon Luk in Hong Kong).
In addition, Clean Earth Acquisitions Corp. announced Feb. 24 the pricing of its initial public offering of 20 million units at $10 per unit (Baker Botts aided the underwriters led by Houston corporate partners Doug Getten and Travis Wofford). And Kimbell Tiger Acquisition Corp., a special purpose acquisition company and an indirect subsidiary of Kimbell Royalty Partners, announced Feb. 8 the closing of its initial public offering of 23 million units (White & Case led by partners Jason Rocha and AJ Ericksen counseled Kimball).
For the week ending March 26, there were 11 deals valued at $3.2 billion, including six M&A transactions and five capital markets deals. There was disparity in reported value, however. Only one of the six M&A deals had a disclosed value: $200 million. No calculator is necessary to determine that the cap markets deals were worth about $3 billion.
That stacks up favorably with 13 deals worth $2.2 billion the week before, but poorly against the 27 deals worth $13.9 billion last year.
Weekly Corporate Deal Tracker Roundup Stats
A compilation of weekly stats from The Lawbook's CDT Weekly Roundup
(Deal Values in Millions)
(Deal Values in Millions)
| Week Ending | Deal Count | Amount | Firms | Lawyers | M&A Count | M&A Value $M | CapM Count | CapM Value $M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 3 2023 | 12 | $6,104.42 | 12 | 138 | 8 | $4,256.92 | 4 | $1,847.5 |
| May 27, 2023 | 17 | $12,200 | 10 | 67 | 11 | $6,165 | 6 | $6,035 |
| May 20, 2023 | 11 | $22,458.1 | 8 | 103 | 4 | $19,455 | 7 | $3,003 |
| May 13, 2023 | 12 | $7,034 | 10 | 101 | 8 | $5,460 | 4 | $1,574 |
| May 6, 2023 | 20 | $3,297.6 | 18 | 196 | 17 | $2,985.6 | 3 | $312 |
| April 29, 2023 | 23 | $3,691.2 | 18 | 135 | 17 | $1,969.7 | 6 | $1,721.5 |
| April 22, 2023 | 16 | $5,570 | 14 | 104 | 14 | $4,750 | 2 | $1,000 |
| April 15, 2023 | 12 | $23,818.1 | 9 | 59 | 10 | $21,618.1 | 2 | $2,200 |
| April 8, 2023 | 16 | $7,949 | 9 | 173 | 9 | $5,472 | 7 | $3,477 |
| April 1, 2023 | 21 | $18,676.7 | 12 | 175 | 11 | $10,926.7 | 10 | $7,750 |
| March 25, 2023 | 15 | $8,779.5 | 10 | 141 | 5 | $2,362 | 10 | $6,416.5 |
| March 18, 2023 | 7 | $14,048.8 | 6 | 69 | 5 | $13,345 | 2 | $703.8 |
| March 11, 2023 | 21 | $11,576 | 16 | 165 | 16 | $8,131 | 5 | $3,445 |
| March 4, 2023 | 20 | $9,668 | 11 | 228 | 16 | $8,209 | 4 | $1,459 |
| February 25, 2023 | 13 | $5,335 | 13 | 130 | 12 | $4,235 | 1 | $1,200 |
| February 18, 2023 | 14 | $5,743.7 | 13 | 158 | 8 | $898.7 | 6 | $4,845 |
| February 11, 2023 | 16 | $12,088 | 12 | 137 | 12 | $9,965 | 4 | $2,123 |
| February 4, 2023 | 17 | $8,066 | 15 | 140 | 13 | $5,614 | 4 | $2,452 |
| January 28, 2023 | 7 | $2,180 | 7 | 75 | 5 | $1,692.75 | 2 | $488 |
| January 21, 2023 | 17 | $5,768 | 16 | 174 | 12 | $1,918 | 5 | $3,850 |
| January 14, 2023 | 11 | $2, 800 | 10 | 102 | 8 | $421 | 3 | $2,400 |
| January 7, 2023 | 18 | $8,296 | 11 | 167 | 14 | $6,461 | 3 | $1,835 |
| December 31, 2022 | 14 | $2,732 | 11 | 99 | 12 | $2,092 | 2 | $640 |
| December 17 | 14 | $7,919 | 13 | 115 | 12 | $7,419 | 1 | $500 |
| December 10, 2022 | 14 | $10,093 | 12 | 88 | 11 | $7,093 | 3 | $3,000 |
| December 3, 2022 | 26 | $12,800.9 | 11 | 172 | 20 | $4,141 | 6 | $8,659.9 |
| November 26, 2022 | 8 | $2,266.7 | 8 | 5 | 3 | $76 | 5 | $2,190.7 |
| November 19, 2022 | 21 | $2,886 | 15 | 212 | 19 | $2,550 | 2 | $336 |
| November 12, 2022 | 13 | $15,093.7 | 9 | 81 | 9 | $14,200 | 4 | $893.7 |
| November 5, 2022 | 25 | 19,337.2 | 16 | 509 | 22 | $8,267.2 | 3 | $11,070 |
| October 29, 2022 | 15 | $7,805.3 | 9 | 116 | 14 | $7,180.3 | 1 | $625 |
| October 22, 2022 | 20 | $8,193.5 | 13 | 253 | 13 | $5,442 | 7 | $2,751.5 |
| October 15, 2022 | 9 | $3,046.1 | 9 | 139 | 7 | $2,588.3 | 2 | $457.8 |
| October 8, 2022 | 19 | $2,011.8 | 12 | 114 | 16 | $833.8 | 3 | $1,178 |
| October 1, 2022 | 23 | $5,532.9 | 16 | 156 | 18 | $4,952.3 | 5 | $580.6 |
| September 24, 2022 | 18 | $5,194 | 14 | 216 | 15 | $4,050 | 3 | $1,144 |
| September 17, 2022 | 21 | $8,352.3 | 12 | 320 | 15 | $4,759.6 | 6 | $3,592.7 |
| September 10, 2022 | 15 | $19,853.5 | 10 | 126 | 13 | $19,403.6 | 2 | $450 |
| September 3, 2022 | 9 | $2,312 | 9 | 62 | 9 | $2,312 | 0 | 0 |
| August 27, 2022 | 16 | $30,891.7 | 10 | 135 | 15 | $30,666.4 | 1 | 227.7 |
| August 20, 2022 | 12 | $1,977 | 8 | 152 | 9 | 925 | 3 | $1,052 |
| August 13, 2022 | 18 | $8,004.7 | 11 | 242 | 11 | $2,844.7 | 7 | $5,160 |
| August 6, 2022 | 24 | $7,948.9 | 12 | 240 | 17 | $3,577 | 7 | $4,371.9 |
| July 30, 2022 | 8 | $6,941 | 9 | 78 | 7 | $6,839 | 1 | $102 |
| July 23, 2022 | 11 | $801 | 11 | 92 | 10 | $801 | 1 | 0 |
| July 16, 2022 | 14 | $3,650 | 10 | 122 | 14 | $3,650 | 0 | 0 |
| July 9, 2022 | 10 | $3,557.7 | 7 | 68 | 9 | $3,557.7 | 1 | 0 |
| July 2, 2022 | 18 | $8,609.4 | 13 | 152 | 15 | $2,754.4 | 3 | $5,855 |
| June 25, 2022 | 15 | $6,142 | 13 | 146 | 9 | $2,017 | 6 | $4,125 |
| June 18, 2022 | 17 | $11,890.1 | 14 | 228 | 15 | $11,410 | 2 | 479.7 |
| June 11, 2022 | 17 | $7,600 | 12 | 123 | 10 | $2,300 | 7 | $5,300 |
| June 4, 2022 | 12 | $2,937 | 10 | 127 | 9 | $692 | 3 | $2,245 |
| May 28, 2022 | 9 | $3,197.6 | 11 | 86 | 9 | $3,197.6 | 0 | 0 |
| May 21, 2022 | 14 | $7,284.5 | 12 | 185 | 11 | $6,609 | 3 | $675.5 |
| May 14, 2022 | 11 | $306.6 | 9 | 80 | 10 | $306.6 | 1 | $225 |
| May 7, 2022 | 16 | $10,451.75 | 12 | 108 | 12 | $1,827 | 4 | $8,624.75 |
| April 30, 2022 | 16 | $2,296.5 | 16 | 157 | 12 | $895.5 | 4 | $1,401 |
| April 23, 2022 | 10 | $2,241 | 11 | 58 | 8 | $1641 | 2 | $600 |
| April 16, 2022 | 11 | $6,643 | 7 | 156 | 8 | $2,359 | 3 | $4,284 |
| April 9, 2022 | 17 | $4,429 | 14 | 184 | 11 | $1,690 | 6 | $2,739 |
| April 2, 2022 | 13 | $1,755 | 8 | 84 | 10 | $1,145 | 3 | $610 |
| March 26, 2022 | 11 | $3,205 | 8 | 65 | 6 | $200 | 5 | $3,005 |
| March 19, 2022 | 13 | $2,239.17 | 9 | 106 | 13 | $2,239.17 | 0 | 0 |
| March 12, 2022 | 18 | $12,016 | 11 | 239 | 15 | $11,965 | 2 | $51.35 |
| March 5, 2022 | 17 | $6,786 | 13 | 137 | 13 | $5,161 | 4 | $1,625 |
| February 26, 2022 | 12 | $5,095 | 8 | 149 | 9 | $4,437.5 | 3 | $658 |
| February 19, 2022 | 17 | $22,229 | 17 | 174 | 14 | $21,354 | 3 | $875 |
| February 12, 2022 | 12 | $2,344.7 | 10 | 73 | 8 | $641.7 | 4 | $1,703 |
| February 5, 2022 | 11 | $2,503 | 8 | 99 | 11 | $2,503 | 0 | 0 |
| January 29, 2022 | 11 | $3,872 | 12 | 101 | 12 | $3,872 | 0 | 0 |
| January 22, 2022 | 13 | $5,143.5 | 10 | 99 | 12 | $4,842.5 | 1 | $301 |
| January 15, 2022 | 12 | $7,605 | 9 | 155 | 9 | $6,480 | 3 | $1,025 |
| January 8, 2022 | 13 | $8,256.2 | 11 | 102 | 13 | $8,256.2 | 0 | 0 |
| January 1, 2022 | 9 | $1,273.8 | 6 | 50 | 9 | $1,273.8 | 0 | 0 |
| December 25, 2021 | 21 | $4,734.75 | 11 | 176 | 16 | $3,410 | 5 | $1,324.75 |
| December 18, 2021 | 26 | $7,325.2 | 15 | 193 | 18 | $3,640.2 | 8 | $3,685.2 |
| December 11, 2021 | 16 | $5,017 | 10 | 109 | 13 | $1,417 | 3 | $3,600 |
| December 4, 2021 | 14 | $2,310 | 8 | 86 | 8 | $2,310 | 6 | $1,882.05 |
| November 27, 2021 | 9 | $3.460.1 | 10 | 101 | 6 | $1,758 | 3 | $1,702.6 |
| November 20, 2021 | 20 | $22,792 | 15 | 157 | 12 | $18,864.5 | 8 | $3,928 |
| November 13, 2021 | 21 | $26,729 | 12 | 178 | 13 | $11,822 | 8 | $14,907 |
| November 6, 2021 | 12 | $8,303 | 13 | 157 | 10 | $6,682 | 3 | $1,621 |
| October 30, 2021 | 21 | $10,368 | 15 | 218 | 15 | $9,24.4 | 6 | $1,103. |
| October 23, 2021 | 21 | $18.783.1 | 15 | 222 | 11 | $12,314 | 10 | $6,468.6 |
| October 16, 2021 | 15 | $3,868 | 11 | 118 | 15 | $2,293 | 2 | $1,575 |
| October 9, 2021 | 20 | $8,610 | 16 | 175 | 16 | $7,795 | 4 | $815 |
| October 2, 2021 | 14 | $6,250 | 11 | 137 | 10 | $5,200 | 4 | $1,050 |
| September 25, 2021 | 11 | $11,460 | 9 | 93 | 7 | $10,200 | 4 | $1,250 |
| September 18, 2021 | 11 | $16,603 | 8 | 99 | 8 | $15,084 | 3 | $1,519 |
| September 11, 2021 | 17 | $10,653 | 11 | 103 | 13 | $8,503 | 4 | $2,150 |
| September 4, 2021 | 13 | $7,222 | 10 | 89 | 11 | $6,715 | 2 | $507 |
| August 28, 2021 | 12 | $763 | 9 | 63 | 11 | $663 | 1 | $100 |
| August 21, 2021 | 12 | $29,659 | 7 | 79 | 11 | $29,579 | 1 | $80 |
| August 14, 2021 | 22 | $17,845 | 11 | 199 | 12 | $12,805 | 10 | $5,04 |
| August 7, 2021 | 17 | $13,670 | 12 | 139 | 15 | $11,766 | 2 | $1,904 |
| July 31, 2021 | 21 | $8,160 | 11 | 134 | 10 | $3,574 | 10 | $4,586 |
| July 24,2021 | 21 | $6,367 | 11 | 139 | 15 | $3,712 | 6 | $2,655 |
| July 17, 2021 | 14 | $4,009 | 11 | 124 | 12 | $2,015 | 2 | $1,994 |
| July 10, 2021 | 16 | $3,997 | 13 | 143 | 11 | $1,597 | 4 | $2,4 |
| July 3, 2021 | 24 | $7,492 | 13 | 94 | 16 | $3,769 | 8 | $3,722 |
| June 26, 2021 | 10 | $4,995 | 7 | 85 | 8 | $3,847 | 2 | $1,148 |
| June 19, 2021 | 28 | $16,830 | 8 | 228 | 9 | $1,861 | 19 | $14,968 |
| June 12, 2021 | 26 | $27,238 | 15 | 209 | 19 | $25,602 | 7 | $1,636 |
| June 5, 2021 | 15 | $15,539 | 13 | 100 | 13 | $14,709 | 2 | $600 |
| May 29, 2021 | 35 | $20,279 | 11 | 145 | 28 | $18,64 | 7 | $1,639 |
| May 22, 2021 | 24 | $53,208 | 14 | 174 | 17 | $51,047 | 7 | $2,161 |
| May 15, 2021 | 18 | $10,620 | 13 | 220 | 11 | $5,870 | 7 | $4,809 |
| May 8, 2021 | 17 | $10,400 | 11 | 156 | 15 | $8,386 | 2 | $2,500 |
| May 1, 2021 | 21 | $7,200 | 16 | 115 | 12 | $3,808 | 9 | $3,392 |
| April 24, 2021 | 8 | $20,200 | 9 | 31 | 8 | $20,200 | 0 | 0 |
| April 17, 2021 | 14 | $6,270 | 8 | 102 | 11 | $4,0180 | 3 | $2,260 |
| April 10, 2021 | 15 | $8,940 | 13 | 129 | 14 | $7,990 | 1 | $950 |
| April 3, 2021 | 18 | $19,513 | 10 | 151 | 12 | $16,923 | 6 | $2,590 |
| March 27, 2021 | 27 | $13,942 | 15 | 244 | 14 | $4,300 | 13 | $9,633.5 |
| March 20, 2021 | 11 | $2,046 | 4 | 102 | 3 | $270 | 8 | $1,776 |
| March 13, 2021 | 15 | $3,270 | 9 | 109 | 6 | $538 | 9 | $2,732 |
| March 6, 2021 | 24 | $13,617 | 10 | 196 | 13 | $10,395 | 11 | $3,222 |
| February 27, 2021 | 19 | $8,105 | 12 | 139 | 15 | $4,970 | 4 | $3,135 |
| February 20, 2021 | 9 | $8,820 | 9 | 153 | 8 | $8,520 | 1 | $300 |
| February 13, 2021 | 12 | $4,852.6 | 7 | 81 | 7 | 2,766 | 5 | $2,086.6 |
| February 6, 2021 | 18 | $9,752 | 13 | 153 | 14 | $5,222 | 4 | $4,530 |
| January 30, 2021 | 18 | $9,449 | 9 | 182 | 15 | $8753.8 | 3 | $695.3 |
| January 23, 2021 | 14 | $8,150 | 8 | 118 | 6 | $4,000 | 8 | $4,150 |
| January 16, 2021 | 17 | $6,783 | 13 | 138 | 11 | $2,400 | 6 | $4,382.9 |
| January 9, 2021 | 22 | $6,829 | 14 | 135 | 18 | $3,139.3 | 4 | $3,690 |
| January 2, 2021 | 7 | $1,466 | 7 | 60 | 7 | $1,466 | 0 | 0 |
| December 26, 2020 | 18 | $15,900 | 12 | 163 | 16 | $5,300 | 1 | $600 |
| December 19, 2020 | 18 | $9,769 | 14 | 110 | 14 | $8,426 | 4 | $1,343 |
| December 12, 2020 | 10 | $7,200 | 9 | 100 | 9 | $3,325 | 1 | $3,830 |
| December 5, 2020 | 15 | $4,261 | 9 | 122 | 9 | $2,780 | 6 | $1,481 |
| November 28, 2020 | 19 | $7,758 | 10 | 110 | 13 | $4,003 | 6 | $3,755 |
| November 14, 2020 | 14 | $864.1 | 14 | 157 | 12 | $289.1 | 2 | $575 |
| November 7, 2020 | 13 | $6,332 | 9 | 129 | 9 | $2,483.5 | 4 | $3,849 |
| October 31, 2020 | 10 | $3,995.8 | 8 | 103 | 6 | $3,231.1 | 4 | $754.7 |
| October 24, 2020 | 6 | $18,100 | 6 | 58 | 5 | $17,709 | 1 | $350 |
| October 17, 2020 | 8 | $351.9 | 5 | 55 | 8 | $351.9 | 0 | 0 |
| October 10, 2020 | 7 | $5,229 | 3 | 50 | 4 | $735 | 3 | $4,494 |
| October 3, 2020 | 14 | $21,428 | 9 | 173 | 9 | $17,535 | 5 | $3,893 |
| September 26, 2020 | 10 | $12,770 | 8 | 93 | 5 | $10,300 | 5 | $2,470 |
| September 19, 2020 | 14 | $8,365 | 9 | 101 | 6 | $1,020 | 8 | $7,345 |
| September 12, 2020 | 6 | $4,406 | 8 | 59 | 3 | $1,270 | 3 | $3,136 |
| September 5, 2020 | 11 | $5,191 | 8 | 117 | 9 | $4,061 | 2 | $1,130 |
| August 29, 2020 | 11 | $2,531 | 9 | 94 | 5 | $1,130 | 6 | $1,401 |
| August 22, 2020 | 18 | $6,574 | 12 | 140 | 7 | $1,930 | 11 | $4,644 |
| August 15, 2020 | 13 | $4,991 | 10 | 97 | 7 | $1,216 | 6 | $3,775 |
| August 8, 2020 | 12 | $32,092 | 11 | 112 | 9 | $30,457 | 3 | $1,635 |
| August 1, 2020 | 7 | $5,287 | 8 | 76 | 5 | $3,687 | 2 | $1,600 |
| July 25, 2020 | 9 | $18,751 | 6 | 67 | 7 | $18,403 | 2 | $348 |
| July 18, 2020 | 6 | $1,982.5 | 5 | 50 | 4 | $1,407.5 | 2 | $575 |
| July 11, 2020 | 11 | $565.1 | 12 | 75 | 10 | $65.1 | 1 | $500 |
| July 4, 2020 | 10 | $8,889 | 8 | 98 | 9 | $8,788 | 1 | $100.3 |
| June 27, 2020 | 8 | $6,874 | 10 | 50 | 5 | $4,972.5 | 3 | $2,081.5 |
| June 20, 2020 | 12 | $4,444 | 9 | 115 | 7 | $2,829 | 5 | $1,615 |
| June 13, 2020 | 6 | $3,582 | 4 | 37 | 2 | $350 | 4 | $3,232 |
| June 6, 2020 | 11 | $3,213.7 | 8 | 65 | 7 | $470 | 4 | $2,743.7 |
| May 30, 2020 | 8 | $7,335 | 7 | 48 | 6 | $4,639 | 2 | $2,697 |
| May 23, 2020 | 4 | $432.4 | 4 | 34 | 3 | $432.4 | 1 | 0 |
| May 16, 2020 | 6 | $310 | 6 | 34 | 5 | $310 | 1 | 0 |
| May 9, 2020 | 18 | $5,630 | 16 | 124 | 14 | $3,180 | 4 | $2,450 |
| May 2, 2020 | 15 | 10,400 | 10 | 90 | 8 | $1,900 | 7 | $,8,500 |
| April 25, 2020 | 8 | $3,400 | 9 | 36 | 5 | $1,000 | 3 | $2,450 |
| April 18, 2020 | 19 | $9,500 | 14 | 92 | 8 | $185.7 | 11 | $9,360 |
| April 11, 2020 | 12 | $6,000 | 9 | 40 | 5 | $190 | 7 | $5,800 |
| April 4, 2020 | 14 | $8,200 | 11 | 68 | 10 | $2,200 | 4 | $6,000 |
| March 28, 2020 | 16 | $6,500 | 13 | 96 | 10 | $3,700 | 6 | $2,800 |
| March 21, 2020 | 11 | $11,910 | 7 | 33 | 7 | $2,250 | 4 | $9,960 |
| March 14, 2020 | 7 | 809.8 | 6 | 34 | 6 | 684.8 | 1 | 125 |
| March 7, 2020 | 16 | $2,500 | 15 | 70 | 13 | $669 | 3 | $1,400 |
| February 29, 2020 | 13 | $15,260 | 13 | 128 | 11 | $11,760 | 2 | $3,500 |
| February 22, 2020 | 12 | $3,700 | 10 | 92 | 10 | $2,560 | 2 | $1,130 |
| February 15, 2020 | 16 | $1,250 | 10 | 84 | 12 | $35 | 4 | $1,222 |
| February 8, 2020 | 18 | $6,080 | 14 | 123 | 14 | $2,595 | 4 | $3,485 |
| February 1, 2020 | 21 | $20,900 | 12 | 101 | 14 | $17,860 | 7 | $3,060 |
| January 25, 2020 | 13 | $7,430 | 13 | 62 | 12 | $6,430 | 1 | $1,000 |
| January 18, 2020 | 23 | $9,580 | 15 | 120 | 19 | $6,580 | 4 | $3,000 |
| January 11, 2020 | 21 | $14,200 | 18 | 199 | 16 | $1,020 | 5 | $13,200 |
| January 4, 2020 | 22 | $6,400 | 11 | 119 | 16 | $3,204 | 6 | $3,245 |
| December 28, 2019 | 22 | $7,150 | 19 | 175 | 18 | $6,800 | 4 | $327.4 |
| December 14, 2019 | 24 | $36,300 | 23 | 167 | 19 | $9,500 | 5 | $26,800 |
| December 7, 2019 | 11 | $10,400 | 11 | 55 | 7 | $1,082 | 4 | $9,370 |
| November 30. 2019 | 14 | $2,450 | 12 | 126 | 12 | $1,760 | 2 | $692.5 |
| November 23, 2019 | 16 | $1,995 | 10 | 41 | 11 | $615 | 5 | $1,380 |
| November 16, 2019 | 15 | $3,820 | 13 | 135 | 11 | $2,500 | 4 | $1,271 |
| November 9, 2019 | 25 | $12,900 | 17 | 182 | 23 | $12,200 | 2 | $575 |
| November 2, 2019 | 10 | $2,470 | 12 | 61 | 9 | 2,450 | 3 | $22 |
| October 26, 2019 | 12 | $5,560 | 14 | 70 | 11 | $3,860 | 1 | $1,700 |
| October 19, 2019 | 8 | $6,600 | 8 | 138 | 8 | $6,600 | 0 | 0 |
| October 12, 2019 | 19 | $4,300 | 14 | 55 | 16 | $3,800 | 3 | $500 |
| October 5, 2019 | 18 | $14,500 | 19 | 166 | 15 | $11,100 | 3 | $3,400 |
| September 28, 2019 | 19 | $8,100 | 18 | 132 | 18 | $7,560 | 1 | $550 |
| September 21, 2019 | 14 | $6,300 | 16 | 66 | 11 | $2,160 | 3 | $4,170 |
| September 14, 2019 | 15 | $23,800 | 12 | 56 | 11 | $21,250 | 4 | $2,570 |
| September 7, 2019 | 17 | $3,500 | 15 | 98 | 14 | $1,900 | 3 | $1,600 |
| August 31, 2019 | 5 | $8,700 | 6 | 50 | 5 | $8,700 | 0 | 0 |
| August 24, 2019 | 16 | $10,000 | 14 | 82 | 15 | $4,250 | 1 | $5,750 |
| August 16, 2019 | 10 | $1,680 | 5 | 52 | 7 | $650 | 3 | $950 |
| August 9, 2019 | 17 | $17,700 | 15 | 68 | 14 | $3,900 | 3 | $13,800 |
| August 2, 2019 | 13 | $5,760 | 12 | 108 | 13 | $5,760 | NA | NA |
| July 27, 2019 | 11 | $7,300 | 13 | 76 | 8 | $6,570 | 3 | $730 |
| July 20, 2019 | 13 | $11,800 | 13 | 125 | 11 | $5,300 | 2 | $6,500 |
| July 13, 2019 | 10 | $775 | 7 | 46 | 8 | $542.5 | 2 | $233 |
| July 6, 2019 | 7 | $2,500 | 9 | 85 | 7 | $2,500 | 0 | 0 |
| June 29, 2019 | 23 | $8,290 | 15 | 154 | 17 | $2,300 | 6 | $5,970 |
| June 22, 2019 | 17 | $10,700 | 10 | 139 | 14 | $7,700 | 3 | $3,000 |
| June 15, 2019 | 11 | $13,500 | 14 | 160 | 11 | $13,500 | NA | NA |
| June 8, 2019 | 13 | $2,870 | 17 | 55 | 11 | $1,570 | 2 | $1,300 |
| June 1, 2019 | 10 | $4,460 | 11 | 60 | 8 | $4,140 | 2 | $315 |
| May 25, 2019 | 17 | $4,360 | 14 | 79 | 14 | $3,700 | 3 | $612 |
| May 18, 2019 | 22 | $9,000 | 17 | 150 | 16 | $3,400 | 6 | $5,600 |
| May 11, 2019 | 18 | $19,800 | 17 | 177 | 15 | $18,300 | 3 | $1,500 |
| May 4, 2019 | 10 | $7,075 | 6 | 32 | 8 | $6,900 | 2 | $175 |
| April 27, 2019 | 15 | $3,200 | 14 | 117 | 14 | $3,160 | 1 | $40 |
| April 20, 2019 | 13 | $13,500 | 10 | 90 | 9 | $12,200 | 4 | $1,300 |
| April 13, 2019 | 16 | $38,900 | 14 | 91 | 14 | $37,800 | 2 | $1,100 |
| April 6, 2019 | 12 | $6,870 | 11 | 94 | 10 | $6,730 | 2 | $50 |
| March 30, 2019 | 15 | $6,470 | 12 | 84 | 10 | $7,91.5 | 5 | $5,677 |
| March 23, 2019 | 18 | $6,450 | 14 | 91 | 14 | $5,042 | 4 | $1,408 |
| March 16, 2019 | 14 | $10,180 | 12 | 115 | 11 | $8,800 | 3 | $1,300 |
| March 9, 2019 | 9 | $1,800 | 6 | 49 | 8 | $1,300 | 1 | $500 |
| March 2, 2019 | 20 | $3,033 | 16 | 107 | 14 | $1,817 | 6 | $1,262 |
| February 23, 2019 | 12 | $2,040 | 8 | 69 | 9 | $614.6 | 3 | $1,430 |
| February 16, 2019 | 16 | $9,970 | 18 | 77 | 16 | $9,970 | 0 | 0 |
| February 9, 2019 | 14 | $6,400 | 10 | 110 | 14 | $6,400 | 0 | 0 |
| February 2, 2019 | 18 | $6,740 | 15 | 99 | 16 | $5,720 | 2 | $950 |
| January 26, 2019 | 13 | $2,770 | 11 | 67 | 11 | $918.95 | 2 | $1,850 |
| January 19, 2019 | 15 | $3,819 | 16 | 76 | 12 | $2,594 | 3 | $1,225 |
| January 12, 2019 | 18 | $7,283 | 14 | 92 | 15 | $1,683 | 3 | $5,600 |
| January 5, 2019 | 10 | $529 | 12 | 50 | 10 | $529 | 0 | 0 |
| December 22, 2018 | 17 | $2,570 | 13 | 87 | 14 | $941 | 3 | $1,629 |
| December 15, 2018 | 10 | $2,860 | 8 | 26 | 8 | $264 | 2 | $2,600 |
| December 8, 2018 | 15 | $1,819 | 16 | 65 | 12 | $552 | 3 | $1,267 |
| December 1, 2018 | 12 | $7,500 | 10 | 90 | 9 | $1,200 | 3 | $6,200 |
| November 28, 2018 | 15 | $4,500 | 11 | 107 | 14 | $4,000 | 1 | $500 |
| November 19, 2018 | 18 | $6,137 | 13 | 98 | 13 | $2,142 | 5 | $3,995 |
| November 14, 2018 | 18 | $9,200 | 13 | 152 | 15 | $8,500 | 3 | $694 |
| November 6, 2018 | 16 | $17,300 | 16 | 183 | 14 | $16,361 | 2 | $950 |
| October 29, 2018 | 14 | $14,400 | 18 | 127 | 17 | $13,800 | 1 | $600 |
| October 24, 2018 | 13 | $6,140 | 13 | 126 | 11 | $5,122 | 2 | $1,018 |
| October 17, 2018 | 18 | $18,390 | 15 | 125 | 14 | $12,292 | 4 | $6,098 |
| October 10, 2018 | 29 | $3,149 | 18 | 104 | 20 | $1,647 | 9 | $819 |
| October 2, 2018 | 18 | $9,300 | 11 | 67 | 14 | $7,300 | 4 | $2,000 |
| September 25, 2018 | 13 | $7,000 | 11 | 75 | 10 | $6,000 | 3 | $995 |
| September 18, 2018 | 9 | $3,570 | 7 | 44 | 9 | $3,570 | 0 | 0 |
| September 11, 2018 | 13 | $5,900 | 10 | 132 | 13 | $5,900 | 0 | 0 |
| September 7, 2018 | 14 | $5,000 | 15 | 86 | 11 | $4,000 | 3 | $1,000 |
| August 29, 2018 | 15 | $20,700 | 14 | 79 | 13 | $4,700 | 2 | $16,000 |
| August 20, 2018 | 10 | $12,400 | 11 | 53 | 8 | $11,380 | 3 | $1,057 |
| August 14, 2018 | 12 | $19,900 | 12 | 132 | 9 | $18,889 | 3 | $1,011 |
| August 7, 2018 | 16 | $68,600 | 11 | 106 | 13 | $67,259 | 3 | $1,340 |
| July 31, 2018 | 15 | $15,100 | 15 | 95 | 11 | $13,060 | 4 | $2,060 |
| July 23, 2018 | 13 | $2,130 | 15 | 60 | 10 | $1,804 | 3 | $1,100 |
| July 17, 2018 | 14 | $5,370 | 17 | 98 | 9 | $4,310 | 5 | $1,100 |
| July 9, 2018 | 16 | $11,200 | 15 | 74 | 10 | $11,080 | 6 | $862 |
| July 3, 2018 | 13 | $7,000 | 7 | 81 | 12 | $6,330 | 1 | $750 |
| June 25, 2018 | 15 | $8,800 | 13 | 97 | 9 | $4,970 | 6 | $3,930 |
| June 18, 2018 | 13 | $14,200 | 14 | 80 | 7 | $221 | 6 | $14,290 |
| June 11, 2018 | 12 | $6,300 | 8 | 96 | 8 | $5,910 | 4 | $803 |
| June 6, 2018 | 13 | $14,500 | 10 | 88 | 8 | $14,154 | 5 | $579 |
| May 31, 2018 | 11 | $4,890 | 10 | 63 | 8 | $3,240 | 3 | $1,790 |
| May 22, 2018 | 15 | $20,400 | 11 | 63 | 9 | $19,808 | 6 | $885 |
| May 15, 2018 | 15 | $4,700 | 15 | 106 | 10 | $3,900 | 5 | $643 |
| May 9, 2018 | 11 | $1,400 | 13 | 88 | 9 | $1,300 | 2 | $560 |
| May 1, 2018 | 8 | $14,250 | 7 | 88 | 7 | $13,400 | 1 | $450 |
| April 24, 2018 | 12 | $5,300 | 6 | 61 | 11 | $4,470 | 1 | $800 |
| April 17, 2018 | 9 | $1,800 | 10 | 44 | 7 | $2,330 | 2 | $1,434 |
| April 11, 2018 | 11 | $2,500 | 8 | 32 | 6 | $1,690 | 5 | $809 |
| April 3, 2018 | 15 | $13,400 | 11 | 121 | 9 | $12,020 | 6 | $1,090 |
| March 28, 2018 | 10 | $4,000 | 10 | 92 | 7 | $3,870 | 3 | $215 |
| March 19, 2018 | 17 | $5,800 | 13 | 51 | 10 | $590 | 7 | $5,165 |
| March 12, 2018 | 15 | $3,130 | 11 | 43 | 11 | $2,360 | 4 | $788 |
| March 6, 2018 | 19 | $5,400 | 13 | 116 | 10 | $1,530 | 9 | $4,860 |
| February 27, 2018 | 20 | $6,600 | 13 | 69 | 14 | $5,530 | 6 | $1,030 |
| February 19, 2018 | 15 | $5,500 | 14 | 111 | 10 | $3,990 | 6 | $1,980 |
| February 12, 2018 | 23 | $10,900 | 17 | 157 | 12 | $7,110 | 11 | $3,840 |
| February 5, 2018 | 16 | $8,600 | 13 | 100 | 7 | $1,330 | 9 | $7,800 |
| January 30, 2018 | 11 | $12,600 | 11 | 68 | 5 | $7,300 | 6 | $4,982 |
| January 24, 2018 | 19 | $9,400 | 15 | 129 | 5 | $2,010 | 14 | $7,337 |
| January 18, 2018 | 10 | $6,280 | 8 | 49 | 2 | $2,100 | 8 | $4,188 |
| January 9, 2018 | 12 | $16,500 | 12 | 92 | 9 | $15,890 | 3 | $475 |
| January 3, 2018 | 10 | $2,500 | 9 | 47 | 8 | $2,350 | 2 | $150 |
| December 27, 2017 | 15 | $9,000 | 15 | 113 | 9 | $7,568 | 6 | $1,784 |
| December 18, 2017 | 15 | $13,800 | 16 | 164 | 9 | $13,010 | 7 | $1,118 |
| December 11, 2017 | 14 | $9,700 | 10 | 126 | 12 | $2,940 | 4 | $8,500 |
| December 4, 2017 | 6 | $1,800 | 6 | 31 | 5 | $1,510 | 1 | $300 |
| November 28, 2017 | 7 | $3,850 | 8 | 76 | 4 | $3,260 | 3 | $285 |
| November 16, 2017 | 10 | $2,700 | 10 | 48 | 6 | $1,840 | 4 | $856 |
| November 8, 2017 | 15 | $2,380 | 17 | 91 | 10 | $1,860 | 5 | $516 |
| November 1, 2017 | 12 | $4,700 | 17 | 94 | 9 | $3,400 | 4 | $1,300 |
| October 23, 2017 | 15 | $10,500 | 10 | 67 | 10 | $9,780 | 4 | $1,530 |
| October 18, 2017 | 6 | $2,000 | 37 | 3 | $225 | 3 | $1,820 | |
| October 10, 2017 | 12 | $6,570 | 100 | 9 | $3,880 | 3 | $3,360 | |
| October 2, 2017 | 8 | $3,100 | 11 | 19 | 3 | $1,630 | 5 | $1,750 |
| September 25, 2017 | 8 | $4,880 | 8 | 79 | 5 | $2,660 | 5 | $2,070 |
| September 18, 2017 | 9 | $4,770 | 3 | $300 | 6 | $4,470 | ||
| September 12, 2017 | 11 | $4,430 | 8 | $2,030 | 3 | $2,400 | ||
| September 1, 2017 | 4 | $1,310 | 3 | $317 | 1 | $1,000 | ||
| August 23, 2017 | 11 | $13,640 | 9 | 8 | $11,840 | 3 | $1,800 |
M&A/FUNDINGS
Targa Resources to acquire Southcross Energy for $200M
Deal Description: Targa Resources Corp. announced March 17 that it agreed to acquire Southcross Energy Operating and its subsidiaries in South Texas for $200 million. Targa said the transaction highlights include an attractive acquisition price represents about 4 times adjusted EBITDA multiple; further synergy potential to reduce acquisition multiple over time; the potential to move a currently idle 200 million cubic feet per day plant; fee-based contracts with the vast majority of volumes being low pressure wellhead gathering; and continued simplification through acquisition of remaining T2 joint venture interests. Southcross emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020. Its owners once included private equity firm Charlesbank Capital Partners.
Expected Closing: Q2
Targa’s Financial Advisor: Wells Fargo Securities, including Michael Shih and Nick Horodinca
Targa’s Outside Counsel: Winston & Strawn, including partners Isaac Griesbaum, Max Stubbs and Dean Hinderliter and associates Anna Gryska and Brandon Davidson
Southcross’ Outside Counsel: Shearman & Sterling, including partners Sarah McLean, Todd Lowther and Ben Gris
Ara creates CycleØ, acquires FNX Liquid Natural Gas
Deal Description: Ara Partners, a private equity firm that specializes in industrial decarbonization investments, announced March 21 its partnership to create European biomethane platform CycleØ Group Ltd. through the acquisition of FNX Liquid Natural Gas. Terms for the investment and the acquisition weren’t disclosed. Based in Bilbao, Spain, FNX specializes in biogas capture and conversion via compression and liquefaction technologies for vehicular and industrial applications. The technologies serve the biogas-to-vehicle and biogas-to-grid markets. The company’s initial projects include an operating plant in Vilanant, which is the first bio-G2V-CNG project in Spain; an operating plant in Faenza, which is one of the largest bio-LNG plants in Europe and the first bio-G2V-LNG project in Italy; and a project in late-stage development in Catalonia, which will be among the first bio-G2G projects in Spain. Ara has offices in Houston, Boston and Dublin. Ara partner Christopher Picotte led the deal while Laurence Molke leads CycleØ.
Ara’s Outside Counsel: Latham & Watkins led by London partner Simon Tysoe and Houston partner Justin Stolte with London associates Ryan Martin and Saavan Shah.
Notes: LW’s Stolte advised Ara Partners in several decarbonization transactions, including its acquisition of Anviplas Group, a plastic recycling business located in Europe, and its purchase of the px Group, an integrated infrastructure services provider based in the U.K.
Pine Wave Energy sells Haynesville assets to Silver Hill
Deal Description: Pine Wave Energy Partners announced March 14 that it agreed to sell Haynesville assets located in Caddo Parish, Louisiana, and Harrison and Panola Counties, Texas, to affiliates of Silver Hill Energy Partners III. Terms were not disclosed. Pine Wave will continue to operate its other properties and pursue new opportunities as a portfolio company of Old Ironsides Energy. Pine Wave was formed in 2018 by CEO Ben Hunter, executive VP Ben Voigt and general counsel Stephen O’Neal. The assets consist of 12,500 net acres with ownership interests in 10 operated wells with 100 million cubic feet per day of production as well as all associated midstream infrastructure, including 18 miles of natural gas gathering pipelines located in Caddo Parish and Panola County.
Expected Closing: Second quarter of 2022
Pine Wave Management’s Outside Counsel: Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, including Cole Bredthauer, Wes Williams, Alison Chen, David Quigley, Eduardo Canales, Andrew Oelz and Dominic Riella
Silver Hill’s Outside Counsel: Shearman & Sterling, including partners Sarah McLean, Omar Samji and Todd Lowther
SBJ-backed Dennis Uniform completes acquisition of Mills
Deal Description: Dennis Uniform, the U.S.’s leading custom school uniform provider and a portfolio company of SBJ Capital, announced March 22 the acquisition of Mills Uniform Co. Terms weren’t disclosed. Portland, Ore.-based Dennis and San Francisco-based Mills have more than 175 years of combined knowledge and experience servicing the nation’s top school uniform programs. All Mills employees have been retained in the combined business. Suzette Mills, owner of Mills and granddaughter of founder Sue Mills, will continue as a board member, shareholder and executive in the combined business. SBJ Capital is a private investment firm with about $400 million of capital under management.
Dennis’ Outside Counsel: McGuireWoods led by partner Jeffrey Brooker and associate David Krieghbaum in Dallas
Mills’ Outside Counsel: Donahue Fitzgerald
Elevation attracts Series B investment from Bernhard
Deal Description: Elevated, a residential energy solutions company, announced March 23 the close of a Series B financing led by Bernhard Capital Management Partners, a private equity management firm with a services and infrastructure focus. Terms were not disclosed. The investment follows a June 2021 Series A and will support the expansion of the company’s proprietary clean energy technology platforms, which it provides for homeowners and to renters of single-family rental properties. By leveraging its Curb energy management technology along with renewable solar energy, Elevation provides a way to bring lower cost, cleaner energy to renters through institutional single-family rental home operators. Jeffrey Koonce will join Elevation’s board. Bernhard has deployed capital in three funds across several strategies and has about $2.5 billion of gross assets under management.
Bernhard’s Outside Counsel: Kirkland & Ellis led by corporate partner Bill Benitez and associates Alec Manzer and Jessica Stenglein; tax partner Mark Dundon and associate Nicole Martin; and capital markets partner Julian Seiguer and associate Logan Weissler.
Five Points Capital acquires Bio Sci Solutions
Deal Description: Private equity firm Five Points Capital acquired Bio Sci Solutions, a provider of parts, onsite repair and shop repair services for labs in the U.S. Terms were not disclosed. The deal closed March 11. Winston-Salem, N.C.-based Five Points has raised $1.9 billion in commitments across 12 funds since its 1997 inception and has made made 170 investments.
Five Points’ Outside Counsel: McGuireWoods, led by Dallas partner Kash Sethi
CAPITAL MARKETS/FINANCINGS
Targa Resources prices $1.5B offering of senior notes
Deal Description: Targa Resources Corp. announced March 23 the pricing of an underwritten public offering of $750 million of its 4.200% senior notes due 2033 and $750 million of its 4.950% senior notes due 2052 at a price to the public of 99.815% and 99.333% of their face value. The company intends to use a portion of the net proceeds to fund the previously announced purchase of 5 7/8% Senior Notes due 2026 of Targa Resources Partners or to fund the previously announced redemption of any 2026 notes not purchased in the tender offer with the remaining net proceeds to be used to repay a portion of the amounts outstanding under its revolver.
Expected Closing: April 6
Targa’s Outside Counsel: Vinson & Elkins led by corporate partners Thomas Zentner and David Stone and counsel Jessica Lewis with assistance from associates Nate Richards and John Frey. Also advising were senior associate Caitlin Snelson and associate Taylor Daily (finance); partner Jim Meyer and associate Adam Bateman (tax); counsel Larry Pechacek (environmental); and partner Damien Lyster and senior associate Victoria Galvez Godfrey (energy regulatory).
Apache purchases $1.1B in notes in cash tender offer
Deal Description: Apache, a unit of APA Corp.), purchased $1.1 billion of its outstanding 4.625% notes due 2025, 4.375% notes due 2028 and 4.875% notes due 2027 in a cash tender offer. The tender offer was upsized from an initial maximum purchase amount of $500 million.
Investment Banks: Dealer-managers: Citigroup, Mizuho Securities, MUFG Securities, Truist Securities and Wells Fargo Securities. Tender and information agent: D. F. King & Co. Inc.
Apache’s Outside Counsel: Bracewell including partner Troy L. Harder and associate Jay N. Larry.
Select Energy transitioned asset-backed loan facility into $270M sustainability-linked one
Deal Description: Select Energy Services Inc. announced March 17 that it transitioned its existing asset-backed loan facility into a sustainability-linked one while extending the facility through March of 2027. The new facility provides up to $270 million of asset-based liquidity. Under the terms of the amended facility, Select will receive pricing benefits for achieving ambitious targets associated with escalating volumes of produced water recycled through its fixed facilities and operating substantially more safely than industry peers or pay higher fees for failing to hit those targets.
Investment Banks: Wells Fargo Bank with Bank of America acting as joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner. Wells Fargo Capital Finance was sustainability structuring agent and Amegy Bank, Royal Bank of Canada, Cadence Bank and BOK Financial served as additional lenders in the facility.
Select’s Outside Counsel: Vinson & Elkins led by counsel Caitlin Lawrence with assistance from partner Guy Gribov and associates Joe Higdon, David Albano and Tania Pinon Venegas; and partner Wendy Salinas and associate Lauren Nieman (tax).
Notes: V&E’s Lawrence advised Solaris Oilfield Infrastructure Inc. in a $20 million secured revolving credit facility; Concho Resources Inc. in a $4 billion secured reserve-based revolving credit facility; Parsley Energy in a $2.5 billion secured reserve-based revolving credit facility; and Anadarko Petroleum Corp. in a $5 billion unsecured 364-day revolving credit facility and five-year revolving credit facility.
RF Acquisition launches $100M IPO
Deal Description: RF Acquisition Corp. launched its $100 million initial public offering March 24, listing on the Nasdaq Global Market and trading under the ticker symbol “RFACU.” The company granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase up to an additional 1.5 million units at the $10 IPO price to cover any over-allotments. RF Acquisition is a blank check company whose business purpose is to effect a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, reorganization, or similar business combination with one or more businesses. RF is led by CEO and chairman Tse Meng Ng, co-founder of Singapore-based financial firm Ruifeng Wealth Management and a former Credit Suisse investment banker, and CFO Han Hsiung Lim. The company’s independent directors include Benjamin Waisbren, Simon Eng Hock Ong and Vincent Hui Yang and its advisors include Chandra Tjan and Stephen Lee.
Sole Bookrunning Manager: EarlyBirdCapital Inc.
RF’s Outside Counsel: Winston & Strawn advised with Mike Blankenship, co-lead partner, Houston; Simon Luk, co-lead partner, Hong Kong; and associates John Niedzwiecki, Alexandra Santana and Ben Smolij in Houston and Jacob Tabman in New York
Riverstone Credit leads $35M green loan facility for Harland & Wolff
Deal Description: Riverstone Credit Management was lead lender and coordinator on a $35 million secured green loan facility for Harland & Wolff Group. The delayed-draw term loan facility provides borrowing capacity of $35 million with the ability for Harland & Wolff to request an increase of up to an additional $35 million in loans. The proceeds may be used to fund working capital and capital expenditures, including those associated with the fabrication of wind turbine jackets for an offshore wind project off the coast of Scotland. Harland & Wolff performs fabrication and construction work within the maritime and offshore renewable, energy and defense sectors and ship repair and maintenance. It also owns and operates four shipyards and a gas storage project in the U.K. Riverstone Credit, managed by Riverstone Holdings, lends to entities that build infrastructure in the renewable and conventional energy sectors as well as those engaged in the energy transition from a fossil-based to a zero-carbon economy.
Riverstone’s Outside Counsel: Bracewell including partners Kate H. Day (Houston) and Tom C. Jamieson (London); senior associates Benjamin M. Pridgeon (London) and Adam T. Waszkiewicz (London); and associates Anna K. Miller (Austin), Jessica F. Hastings (London) and Jordan E. Crawford (Houston)
Notes: Bracewell’s Day has advised Wells Fargo on several recent matters, including a $3.75 billion revolving credit facility for the Williams Cos. Inc. and its subsidiaries in October and in connection with the Chapter 11 reorganization of Diamond Offshore Drilling Inc. and the exit financings entered upon emerging from bankruptcy in May.